IMPACT OF ISCHEMIA IN THE LAMINA CRIBROSA ON GLAUCOMATOUS OPTIC NEUROPATHY IN RHESUS MONKEYS: INSIGHTS FOR ATHLETIC VISUAL HEALTH

Abstract

Objective: To investigate the impact of induced ischemia on glaucomatous optic neuropathy in rhesus monkeys, focusing on the structural changes within the lamina cribrosa and their implications for understanding similar conditions in athletes engaged in high-intensity sports Methods: In this study, ischemia was experimentally induced in one eye of each of the 10 rhesus monkeys by occluding the paraoptic branches of the lateral short posterior ciliary artery, specifically targeting the circle of Zinn and Haller. The contralateral eyes served as controls, where mechanical scratches were applied along the optic nerve fibers. The structural changes in the optic nerve fibers and the alterations in blood supply within the lamina cribrosa were meticulously assessed using Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT), Immunocytochemistry, and Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography (OCTA). Results: The experimentally induced ischemia precipitated a significant, time-dependent deterioration in the phosphorylation of nerve fibers primarily in the nasal area, coupled with a reduction in the thickness of the optic nerve fiber layer. These changes were indicative of the progressive nature of glaucomatous damage due to ischemia. Conclusions: The findings demonstrate that disruptions in the circulatory system, particularly within the circle of Zinn and Haller, are crucial in the pathogenesis of glaucomatous optic neuropathy. The model highlights the potential risks and mechanisms similar to those that might occur in athletes who experience significant fluctuations in ocular perfusion pressure during intense physical activity. This research underlines the importance of regular ocular health assessments in athletes, particularly those in disciplines with intense exertion and head trauma risks, to preemptively address and manage the onset of glaucomatous changes.