Managing Microvascular Health in Athletes with Diabetes: The Role of Pyroptosis in Sports Performance and Recovery

Abstract

Background: Diabetic microangiopathy, encompassing nephropathy, retinopathy, and cardiomyopathy, significantly contributes to morbidity and mortality in individuals with diabetes, including those actively engaged in sports. Pyroptosis, a pro-inflammatory form of programmed cell death mediated by the inflammasome complex, has been implicated in the development of these microvascular complications. Scope: This review examines the role of pyroptosis in the progression of diabetic microvascular complications and its specific implications for athletes with diabetes. The inflammation-driven nature of pyroptosis, involving key mediators such as Caspase-1, Caspase-4/5/11, Gasdermin Family Protein D (GSDMD), and cytokines like IL-1β and IL-18, highlights a critical area of concern for athletes who must maintain optimal physical condition and vascular health. Impact on Sports Fitness and Athletes: Understanding the mechanisms by which pyroptosis contributes to microvascular damage in diabetic athletes provides essential insights for developing targeted strategies to manage or mitigate these risks. Athletes with diabetes are particularly vulnerable to complications that may impair physical performance and recovery, making the regulation of inflammatory responses a priority in sports medicine. Conclusion: Research into pyroptosis offers valuable directions for clinical strategies aimed at protecting the vascular health of athletes with diabetes. By extending the understanding of these inflammatory pathways, sports medicine practitioners can better support the health and athletic longevity of this population, ensuring that they maintain competitive performance and high quality of life despite their condition.