EXPLORING FACTORS INFLUENCING IMMUNOMODULATION IN THYROID-ASSOCIATED OPHTHALMOPATHY: IMPLICATIONS FOR ATHLETES' EYE HEALTH

Abstract

Objective: To review recent advancements in understanding the factors influencing immune regulation in the development of thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy (TAO), particularly in relation to athlete health. Methods: A comprehensive review of current literature was conducted, focusing on autoimmune mechanisms and novel biologic therapies that target immune modulation in TAO. The relevance of these findings to athletes, who may have unique vulnerabilities due to their physical stress and dietary regimes, was particularly emphasized. Results: Autoimmunity is confirmed to play a significant role in TAO, with several immune cells and cytokine pathways implicated in its pathogenesis. Recent studies have highlighted the potential of biologic therapies targeting specific immune pathways, offering new therapeutic options. Athletes may experience different disease manifestations or treatment responses due to their distinct physiological stress and recovery profiles. Conclusion: Understanding the immune regulation factors in TAO provides crucial insights for managing this condition, especially in athletes. The development of targeted biologic therapies offers promising avenues for more effective and personalized treatment strategies, potentially reducing the disease's impact on athletic performance and overall health.