A REVIEW OF RESPIRATORY AND GASTROINTESTINAL MICROBIAL INTERACTIONS

Abstract

Background: The subtle microbial crosstalk between the respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts has already been extensively noticed for its crucial implications in the human health context. Such interactions are especially essential regarding the microbiota-gut-lung axis, which controls health maintenance and disease shaping. Interpreting such mechanisms leads to the development of novel therapies. Objective: This review summarises the diverse interactions between the microbial communities developing in the respiratory and gastrointestinal tract. It will describe the mechanisms of these interactions and their impact on human health. Methods: We undertook a thorough literature search that spanned the fields of microbiology, immunology, and gastroenterology. The review highlights studies carrying out culturing and the most recent molecular techniques that are probing the constitution and functionality of this microbiome. The analysis comprises an inspection of the biomicrobial mode of progress, interaction mechanisms, and subsequent health effects. Results: The review specifies these microbial correlates as the primary mechanisms of their interaction, such as microaspiration, a form of communication via immune-mediated signalling. This interplay has a tremendous role in developing ailments such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and inflammatory bowel diseases. Therapeutic approaches, including probiotics, prebiotics, and fecal microbiota transplantation, are outlined to address microbial disruption and clinical outcomes. Conclusion: The intercourse between respiratory and intestinal microbiota dictates which diseases or general good health a person has, indicating the prime place for targeting the microbiomes as a source of medication. Implementation of approaches that control these microbiota might result in novel therapy for the diseases of both respiratory and gastrointestinal systems. Future Work: Comprehensive and future studies are required to understand better how microbiota interact and design specific therapies that utilize these interactions at the microscopic level. Longitudinal and clinical trials will be important in developing integrative treatment protocols with a proven effect.