META-ANALYSIS OF RISK FACTORS FOR RADIATION-INDUCED ORAL MUCOSITIS IN ATHLETES WITH HEAD AND NECK MALIGNANCIES: IMPLICATIONS FOR SPORTS PERFORMANCE AND RECOVERY

Abstract

Objective: To synthesize current evidence on risk factors for radiation-induced oral mucositis in athletes with head and neck malignancies, providing insights for effective prevention and management to minimize impacts on athletic performance and recovery. Methods: We conducted a meta-analysis using multiple databases to identify studies on risk factors for radiation-induced oral mucositis in patients with head and neck cancers. The analysis employed both fixed and random effects models to compare the incidence and severity of oral mucositis. Sensitivity was assessed using the leave-one-out method, and publication bias was evaluated through funnel plot analysis. Results: The incidence of radiation-induced oral mucositis in patients undergoing radiotherapy for head and neck malignancies approaches 100%, with increasing severity of chronic oral complications. Identified risk factors include smoking, alcohol consumption, poor oral hygiene, diabetes, use of combined chemotherapy, and absence of mucosal protectors and antibiotic therapy. Notably, factors such as gender-related saliva viscosity did not show a significant impact, indicating that while male patients may experience thicker saliva, it does not correlate with increased risk or severity of oral mucositis. Conclusion: Radiation-induced oral mucositis is a significant concern for athletes with head and neck malignancies due to its impact on nutrition, weight, and overall health, potentially affecting training and performance recovery. This meta-analysis identifies modifiable risk factors that can be addressed through preventive dental care, lifestyle modifications, and targeted medical interventions. By managing these risk factors, healthcare providers can significantly reduce the incidence and severity of oral mucositis in this patient population, supporting better health outcomes and facilitating continued athletic activity even during cancer treatment.