MOVEMENT BIOMECHANICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF TECHNICAL MOVEMENTS OF FOREHAND STRAIGHT PUNCHES IN WUSHU SHOTOKAN PRACTITIONERS OF DIFFERENT LEVELS

Abstract

Background: Wushu Shotokan has now become one of the most popular sports in the world. However, due to the complexity of Wushu Shotokan itself, there are many irregularities in the movements of beginners when they practice, and there is a lack of scientific research on Wushu Shotokan. Therefore, this paper selected the most basic and typical action of Wushu Shotokan, the forehand straight punch, and used optical motion capture and surface electromyography to compare and analyze the kinematic and dynamics data of the limbs at different levels of Wushu Shotokan exercises when practicing the forehand straight punch to reveal the technical principles of boxers' forehand straight punch action and provide scientific theoretical guidance for Wushu Shotokan beginner training. Methods: A total of 18 male participants were recruited and divided into professional (N=9) and amateur groups (N=9). Vicon infrared motion capture, Kistler 3D force platform, and a Noraxon surface electromyography system were used for kinematics and dynamics data acquisition. Results: During the forehand straight punch movement, the punching speed of the professional group was significantly higher than that of the amateur group (P < 0.01), and the center of gravity displacement in the X-axis direction of the professional group was smaller than that of the amateur group (P < 0.01). In the punching phase, the angles of the left ankle joint, left shoulder joint and right shoulder joint were significantly greater in the professional group than in the amateur group (P < 0.01). In the striking phase, the angles of the left ankle joint, left knee joint, left shoulder joint and left elbow joint were significantly greater in the professional group than in the amateur group (P < 0.05). In the closing phase, the angles of the left hip joint and right hip joint were significantly greater in the professional group than in the amateur group (P < 0.01), and the left knee joint angle of the professional group was significantly smaller than that of the amateur group (P < 0.01). In the muscle activation state during the forehand straight punch movement, the muscle strength of the external abdominal oblique muscle, medial femoral muscle, lateral femoral muscle and gastrocnemius muscle in the professional group was significantly greater than that in the amateur group (P < 0.01), and the contribution of the external abdominal oblique muscle, medial femoral muscle, lateral femoral muscle and gastrocnemius muscle in the professional group was higher than that in the amateur group (P < 0.05). Conclusion: In this paper, we analyzed the differences in the technical movements of forehand straight punches among different levels of Wushu Shotokan practitioners and found that professional athletes punch faster and have less displacement of the center of gravity in the front-to-back direction, while beginners are affected by a larger displacement in the front-to-back direction during practice. Therefore, for beginners, it is important to minimize the displacement distance between the front and back of the body in the practice process, which is conducive to shortening the punching speed of the forehand punch. In addition, the range of motion of the limb joints in the three phases of the forehand straight punch varies among different levels of practitioners. In the punching phase, the professional group has greater shoulder joint mobility and range of motion. For beginners, the range of motion of the shoulder joint should be increased during the punching phase to facilitate the standardization of technical movements. During the striking phase, Beginners need to increase the range of motion of the left side of the limb joints during practice, and the forehand punching action is a left-handed striking form of action, which facilitates the power and range of the punch. In the closing phase, the professional group is the main movement of the hip joint, which shows a greater range of motion of the hip joint. Therefore, beginners should pay attention to increasing the range of motion of the hip joint when training in this phase. the hip joint should be used to drive the movement of the small joints to close the punch. In addition, the main muscle groups of the forehand straight punch are the gastrocnemius, lateral femur, medial femur and external abdominal oblique muscles. Beginners should strengthen the training of these muscles to improve the forehand straight punch technique and reduce the risk of injury.