INVESTIGATING HYDROGEN-RICH SALINE AS A STRATEGY TO MITIGATE HYPERCOAGULABILITY THROUGH THE PI3K/AKT PATHWAY IN ATHLETIC MODELS OF LYMPHOMA

Abstract

Objective: This study investigates the efficacy of hydrogen-rich saline in ameliorating blood hypercoagulability in lymphoma-bearing animal models, with a focus on the underlying mechanisms mediated through the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Methods: A lymphoma mouse model was established via subcutaneous injection of SUDHL-4 human lymphoma cells. Forty-five model mice were divided into three groups: a model group, a hydrogen-rich saline treatment group, and a combination group treated with hydrogen-rich saline and LY294002 (a PI3K/AKT pathway inhibitor). Each group consisted of 15 mice, with an additional 15 normal nude mice serving as controls. Treatments were administered via tail vein injection of hydrogen-rich saline (10 mL/kg) and intraperitoneal injection of LY294002 (5 mg/kg). Key outcomes measured included whole blood viscosity, coagulation indices, platelet activation levels, and protein expressions of MMP2 and N-cadherin. Additionally, the activation status of the PI3K/AKT pathway in platelets and tumor tissues was assessed. Results: Compared to controls, the model group exhibited significantly elevated levels of whole blood viscosity, coagulation markers, platelet activation, and PI3K and AKT phosphorylation in both platelets and tumor tissues (P<0.05). Treatment with hydrogen-rich saline markedly reduced these parameters compared to the model group (P<0.05). The addition of LY294002 further enhanced these effects, showing the lowest levels of blood viscosity, coagulation indices, and tumor growth markers among the treatment groups (P<0.05). Conclusion: Hydrogen-rich saline effectively reduces tumor growth and mitigates hypercoagulability in a lymphoma model through inhibition of the PI3K/AKT pathway. This suggests potential applications for hydrogen-rich saline in improving vascular health and reducing coagulation-related complications in athletes, particularly those who may be at risk due to chronic inflammatory conditions or cancer.