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International Journal of Medicine and Science of Physical Activity and Sport

International Journal of Medicine and Science of Physical Activity and Sport

REVISTA INTERNACIONAL DE MEDICINA Y CIENCIAS DE LA ACTIVIDAD FÍSICA Y EL DEPORTE

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HIGH TIBIAL OSTEOTOMY WITH LATERAL EXTRA ARTICULAR AUGMENTATION FOR CHRONIC ACL DEFICIENT KNEE WITH VARUS OSTEOARTHRITIS AND HIGH PIVOTING: A PILOT STUDY

Issue Volume 25, Number 100, 2025 Articles 
Abdel Hamid Ebid
Arthroscopy and Sports Medicine Unit, Orthopedics Surgery Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
Osama S. Gaarour
Arthroscopy and Sports Medicine Unit, Orthopedics Surgery Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.
Tamer A. Mawla
Arthroscopy and Sports Medicine Unit, Orthopedics Surgery Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
Adham E. Elgeidi
Arthroscopy and Sports Medicine Unit, Orthopedics Surgery Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt

Abstract

Background: The management of chronic anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) deficient knees with concurrent varus osteoarthritis with high pivoting poses a significant challenge. This prospective pilot study investigates the clinical, functional, and radiographic outcomes of a one-stage surgical approach combining ACL reconstruction with open-wedge high tibial osteotomy (HTO). Methods: We enrolled 16 patients with chronic ACL-deficient knees and medial compartment osteoarthritis and high pivoting. All patients underwent open-wedge HTO with lateral extra-articular augmentation. We assessed clinical and functional outcomes using the Lysholm and International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) scores, as well as the Lachman, anterior drawer, and pivot-shift tests. Radiographic parameters, including the mechanical tibiofemoral angle (TFA), proximal medial tibial angle (PMTA), and posterior tibial slope (PTS), were measured preoperatively and at final follow-up. Results: The combined procedure yielded significant improvements in all measured outcomes. The mean Lysholm and IKDC scores increased from 47.25±3.23 and 41.5±3.25preoperatively to 66.0±5.32 and 67.5±7.03 postoperatively, respectively (p<0.001). All patients showed a reduction in pivot-shift grade, with a conversion of the mechanical axis from a median varus of −8∘ to a mild valgus of 3∘. The mean PMTA was successfully corrected from 78.88 to 88.85 ∘. Notably, the mean posterior tibial slope was reduced from 10.50∘ to 8.56∘. The complication rate was low, with no major complications such as nonunion or graft failure. Conclusion: The one-stage surgical procedure of open-wedge HTO with lateral extraarticular augmentation in chronic ACL-deficient varus knees with early osteoarthritis provides significant improvements in function and stability while reliably correcting coronal and sagittal alignment. This approach offers a safe and effective strategy for joint preservation.

Keywords: Anterior Cruciate Ligament, High Tibial Osteotomy, Varus Osteoarthritis, Lateral Extra-Articular Augmentation
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Periodicidad Trimestral/Quartely
Revista multidisciplinar de las Ciencias del Deporte
ISSN: 1577-0354
All journal articles are published in Spanish together with their corresponding translation into English

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