This study explores the impact of folk music rhythms on dance fitness movement quality through rhythm enhancement training. A 12-week experimental program was conducted with participants divided into an experimental group and a control group. The experimental group received rhythm-focused training integrated with Tibetan Xianzi Dance and Dai Peacock Dance, while the control group followed a traditional dance curriculum. Results revealed significant improvements in the experimental group across six core indicators: fluency, coordination, expressiveness, rhythm synchronization, amplitude, and stability. The most notable advancements were observed in rhythm synchronization and expressiveness, confirming the pivotal role of rhythm in enhancing movement quality. These findings demonstrate the potential of rhythm training to enrich technical and artistic dimensions of dance, providing new approaches to modern fitness education. Moreover, the integration of folk music rhythms into fitness instruction promotes cultural preservation and innovation. Future research is recommended to broaden the diversity of participants, explore various rhythmic styles, and examine long-term training effects.