With the rapid development of market economy, the competitive pressure of athletes has increased, which has led to a series of occupational health problems. The occupational Mental Health Protection (MHP) of athletes are more easily ignored because of their hidden characteristics, thus causing psychological and even physiological damage to athletes. The right to work environment refers to the procedural right with "employee participation" as the core in order to protect athletes' occupational safety, physical and MHP and personal dignity, and prevent athletes from being harmed by the working environment. The legal protection of athletes' MHP is a multi-faceted issue, and every country will take different measures according to its specific national conditions. With the help of new technologies such as big data and cloud computing, a new round of industrial innovation is booming, which has greatly changed the traditional industries and their business methods, and further improved social productivity. In this paper, the author selects the increasingly serious problem of algorithm discrimination as the entry point, in order to find an effective way to effectively regulate big data and big data algorithm problems. This paper briefly introduces the scientific meaning and value significance of athletes' occupational health, analyzes the shortcomings of protecting athletes' occupational health in China at present, and puts forward improvement suggestions from the aspects of legislative style, law enforcement and social concern.