Objective: To investigate the effect of subaxillary inflatable endoscopic surgery on the degree of pain and the incidence of complications in athletic patients with unilateral thyroid cancer. Methods: Sixty athletic patients with unilateral thyroid carcinnma (TC) accepted treatment in the hospital from January 2020 to December 2021 were chosen to be the object of the study. Adapting the means of random number table, they were split into 30 cases both in the control group and in the observation group. The control group were treated with traditional open surgery, and the observation group took the remedy with non-inflatable endoscopic surgery through axillary approach. The operation time, intraoperative bleeding, postoperative drainage volume, incision length and inpatient days; Satisfaction with the cosmetic effect of incision; Visual analogue scale (VAS); The occurrence of complications were contrasted within two groups. Results: Compare to the control group, the operation time, as well as postoperative drainage volume in the observation group increased fairly, and the amount of intraoperative bleeding, incision length and hospital stay considerably declined  (P < 0.05); In contrast to the control group (56.67%), the satisfaction of the observation one with the cosmetic effect of incision (90.00%) was significantly higher (P < 0.05); In contrast to the control group, the VAS score of the observation group cut down considerably at 24h and 48h after operation (P < 0.05); In contrast with the control group (43.33%), the incidence of complications in the observation group (16.67%) decreased considerably(P < 0.05). Conclusion: In the treatment of athletic patients with unilateral TC, the transaxillary approach of airless endoscopic surgery can not only effectively improve a number of surgical indicators, improve athletic patients' satisfaction with the cosmetic effect of the incision, but also reduce the degree of pain, reduce the occurrence of complications, with a higher clinical reference value.