This paper focuses on the main psychological quality indicators affecting athletes' performance, and on this basis, studies the relationship between athletes' main psychological qualities and sports performance. The purpose is to further evaluate and optimise the effect of psychological quality training in athletes' performance enhancement. Therefore, this paper takes the theory and application of mental health quality as the background, takes the relationship between sports and athletes' mental health quality as the entry point, and carries out a step-by-step research with both exploratory and validation. The study aims to promote the theoretical development of the research on athletes' mental health quality, enrich the theory of sports to promote the development of athletes' mental health, and provide reference and support for the practice of cultivating mental health quality in quality education. Firstly, with "what is mental health quality" as the keyword, the questionnaire, interview and mathematical statistics were used to compile and test the Questionnaire on Mental Health Quality of Athletes. Secondly, based on the theory of the relationship between sports and mental health quality, with the keyword of "how sports affect mental health quality", we select appropriate psychological, physiological and social indicators, and choose a number of athletes as the sample to explore the relationship between sports and mental health quality by questionnaire survey and mathematical statistics. and its mediating effect model. In order to clarify and optimise the effect of psychological quality training in athletes' performance enhancement, and to provide reference basis for research in related fields.