Objective: To evaluate the application of targeted prostate biopsy using cognitive fusion imaging in primary hospitals, focusing on its impact on the accuracy of pathological examinations, complication rates, and implications for physical recovery and rehabilitation. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 200 patients who underwent prostate biopsy at primary hospitals between 2020 and 2023. Patients were divided into two groups: targeted biopsy using cognitive fusion imaging (n=100) and conventional systematic biopsy (n=100). Diagnostic accuracy, rates of clinically significant prostate cancer (CSPC) detection, complication rates (e.g., hematuria, infection, and urinary retention), and post-procedure recovery metrics, including time to resume physical activity, were analyzed and compared. Results: The cognitive fusion imaging group demonstrated significantly higher accuracy in detecting CSPC compared to the conventional biopsy group (84% vs. 68%, P < 0.01). Targeted biopsy reduced the number of cores required, minimizing tissue sampling and procedural invasiveness. Complication rates, including hematuria and infection, were significantly lower in the cognitive fusion imaging group (P < 0.05). Patients in the cognitive fusion imaging group resumed physical activity sooner, with a shorter mean recovery time compared to those undergoing conventional biopsy (P < 0.01). Conclusion: Targeted prostate biopsy using cognitive fusion imaging significantly enhances diagnostic accuracy while reducing complication rates and improving recovery time. These findings highlight its potential as a superior diagnostic approach in primary hospitals, with added benefits for patient physical recovery and rehabilitation. The integration of advanced imaging technologies in routine care can improve patient outcomes and support faster resumption of physical activity. Further studies are recommended to explore long-term functional outcomes and the broader impact of cognitive fusion imaging on patient quality of life and rehabilitation.