This study investigates the multifaceted landscape of ametropia risk factors in preschool children and explores the far-reaching implications for comprehensive eye health and mental wellness management. Ametropia, encompassing refractive errors such as myopia, hyperopia, and astigmatism, is a prevalent concern in early childhood that can have lasting consequences if left unaddressed. Utilizing a rigorous screening process and logistic regression analysis, we analyze a spectrum of variables including genetics, environmental factors, and screen time to discern their respective roles in the development of ametropia. Findings reveal that genetic predisposition, coupled with excessive screen time and limited outdoor activities, contribute significantly to ametropia in preschoolers. This research underscores the paramount importance of regular eye health assessments in preschool children, particularly in those with genetic risk factors or substantial screen exposure. Timely detection and correction of refractive errors can substantially enhance visual acuity and foster overall ocular health. Moreover, we emphasize the indirect yet profound link between ametropia and mental well-being in preschool children. Uncorrected vision issues can hinder learning, social interactions, and self-esteem, potentially leading to anxiety, frustration, and other psychosocial challenges. Early intervention for ametropia not only has a positive impact on ocular health but also promotes mental wellness in this vulnerable age group. In summary, this study illuminates the intricate web of ametropia risk factors in preschool children, highlighting the critical significance of early eye health evaluations and interventions. The holistic approach to eye care presented here acknowledges the profound connection between vision and mental well-being, thus fostering a more comprehensive and inclusive paradigm for healthcare management in preschool-aged individuals.